Implement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Implement - Assignment Example The following plan features the implementation level steps involved in the preparation and completion of the course. The facilitators must have knowledge and command over use of email including Microsoft Outlook. The facilitators much have good oral communication skills with high level of patience. They must be able to handle PCs, Laptops and Tablets. The training would be provided by experience marketing professional. They must have qualification as well as working experience in the field of digital marketing so that they can utilize their experience to provide course attendants clear concepts of strategies and tools related with email marketing. The teachers are also required to have working experience of email marketing from the planning to outcome evaluation stage. Seven sessions would be arranged for the preparation of the teachers. Each of the session would be 3 hour long with 2 breaks of 15 minutes each. The training of the teachers would be conducted at the University Building during which the teachers will also check the number of computers, seating arrangements and internet connection required to conduct the training. The wireless connection and other communication devices would be checked and tested so that the teacher would have no problem to handle these during the course. The train the trainer program would be administered by the academy administration officer Derek Jones. He will send the emails to the trainers informing them about the schedule of the training session that will start 2 week before the first class of the course and will end before four days. The trainers would be provided with complete details of the training session and they would be asked to confirm their presence as per the given schedule. The teacher training session will provide clear overview to the goals and purpose of the course. The

Should people be afraid of government or the opposite Essay

Should people be afraid of government or the opposite - Essay Example It therefore will be contradictory that such delegates will then stop being answerable to the assigning authority and furthermore go ahead to intimidate the authority to an extent that the authority becomes afraid of them. It is simply absurd and violates the basic principles of democracy. This report will demonstrate that people have full authority over government because they elect government officials, they fund government activities and they can bring down any government which is in place and therefore it goes that people should not be afraid of the government. People should not be afraid of the government It was Thomas Jefferson who said â€Å"When governments fear the people, there is liberty. When the people fear the government, there is tyranny† (Monticello 1). It is the people who put a government in place. The legitimacy of a government is derived from the process of being elected into office. Government officials therefore can be simply viewed as agents of the peopl e. These agents are empowered to run the nation on behalf of the people. It is worth clarifying that the nation that these agents run does not belong to them in any way – it belongs to the people. It further should be noted that these agents of the people should periodically report to the people on how they are progressing in running the property they are entrusted to run. From this perspective, it becomes absurd to think that these agents will grow so powerful to the extent of intimidating the people. It is simply absurd and there is no logical way of reconciling such a thought. It is not possible that a master will to become afraid of his servant. Further arguing on why it is the government that should be afraid of the people, the question of funding the activities of the government comes in. It is the people who fund all the activities of the government including salaries to government officials. The government cannot operate without the money that it collects from the peo ple in various ways. It is the people who fund what the government does and the government inherently depends on the people to run its affairs (Tax Policy Center 1). A point to note is that the people are not afraid to fund the government because the affairs that the government runs are on behalf of the people. The absurdity again comes in if the people are to be afraid of the government. The people sustain the government and therefore it will not be logical for the people to be afraid of the same government. It is the government that is at the mercy of the people and not the other way round. In the same manner that people delegate duties to the government, they can also strip away the government of the responsibility to run the nation. This can be done through elections or even through a people led coup. Libya, Tunisia, and Egypt are just examples of nations whose people took up arms against governments they felt were not doing what they were mandated to do. The people are supreme over the government and if they feel a government has overstepped its boundaries, they have the duty to oust such a government and appoint other officials who will run the nation in the expected manner (Carlton 1). This further strengthens the stand on why people should not be afraid of government. However, there are two factors which may make people to fear a government. These factors are pluralistic ignorance and bystander effect. These factors can be said to be due to uninformed citizenry. In a pluralistic ignorance situation, citizens may be reluctant to stand up to the government when it oversteps its boundaries. They may form the opinion that it is not a big deal and that being the government there is

Legal Risk and Opportunity in Employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legal Risk and Opportunity in Employment - Essay Example (Morris, 2008). If Paul had been fired for being black, he would definitely have a case against Newcorp. However, if he was fired for his voiced opinion at the school board meeting, this would not be protected. While the First Amendment protects freedom of speech, it makes no note that employers have to â€Å"put up with it.† (Morris, 2008). Pat is wrong in his belief that his employee manual’s described process of the corrective action plan means that he cannot be fired without warning. In the case of Toussaint v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield, the employee handbook stated that employees could only be fired after warning, notice, and hearing; Toussaint had been fired without warning. The court ruled in favor of Toussaint, and declared that an employee handbook creates contract. (Samuelson, 2007). However, since then, employers have been very careful in taking steps to protect themselves from this sort of liability. (Morris, 2008). Newcorp having Pat sign the statement of at-will employment was a proper way to prevent liability. And if Pat had looked carefully at his handbook, he probably would have discovered some sort of language within it expressing that it was not to be relied upon as a contract. (Morris, 2008). Paula is correct in believing that it is illegal for her not to be transferred to wire-coating based on her sex. Sex discrimination in the workplace involves the different treatment of an employee based on sex that negatively affects things like pay, employment, and advancement or training opportunities. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits sex discrimination in the workplace and applies to â€Å"private employers, state and local government employers, labor organizations, employment agencies, and joint employer-union apprenticeship programs with 15 or more employees.† (Equal Rights Advocates, 2008). Although Paula is young and could

The Co2 Life Cycle Of A Printer Environmental Sciences Essay

The Co2 Life Cycle Of A Printer Environmental Sciences Essay The report provides information about the life cycle inventory of a printer used domestically as a peripheral of personal computer. The purpose of the study is to evaluate various stages in the life cycle of a printer from its production to the end of life and flow of various materials and the production of CO2. The life cycle of printer has been investigated with help from literature research, industrial statistical data and information from various manufacturers. The approach has been adopted with much assumption for simplicity. The current study encircles life cycle changes starting from the manufacture of printer to the end of life. The raw material used in manufacturing, production of solid waste, effluents into air and water, paper use, the electricity used, and the use of cartridges are all measure according to rough estimates. However, the proportion of electricity used in printer in whole life cycle only makes 14% of the printer weight. However, the electronics used make a s ignificant part in the green house gas due to the presence of copper. Therefore, an improved and better estimate of perfect life cycle may be possible if real statistical data is available instead of making assumptions. Local manufacturing, recycling, refilling and careful use will be helpful to reduce environmental impact. The LCA of various types of printers will be valuable information for engineers to re-design future printers that are more environmentally friendly (Curran 1996). The current study also elaborates the importance of conducting LCA of a product. Global warming, environmental pollution, industrial reforms to manage environmental pollution and human efforts to control global warming are hot issues now-a-days (Curran 1996). Every product has a life cycle starting from its manufacturing to its end of life (Lehman 2007). The life cycle assessment (LCA) is a significant tool to assess the impact of a product on environment throughout its life (Hischier 2007). Mechanical and manufacturing engineers can take benefit of LCA data of a product to review and revise the material, design and technology of the product to reduce its negative impact on the environment (Fussler et al 1996). With the information of LCA of the products, it is possible to select environmentally friendly material to make products pleasant, less harmful to environment and more efficient (Guinee 2001). Cost has been a significant incentive but information of global warming has changed businessman and buyers view about a product (Newton 1993). Both buyer and busines s man is more attractive to environmentally friendly product (Cramer et al 1997). Use of computers in modern era has created a lot of peripheral and accessories used parallel to the computers. Printers, scanners, web cam and many other accessories are everyday use in modern era. Each of these products is made of various materials and therefore has various stages of life cycle. The current study is limited to the Life cycle Inventory Analysis of a printer. An Inventory analysis is not complete analysis of life cycle but still provides basic information about the product interaction with the environment. The Inventory life cycle analysis does not provide the full picture of the environmental impacts of product. A true LCA or absolute inventory LCA is possible where all statistical data is available from the manufacturing till the life end of product with its disposal stage. The printers are of various types. Major classification of printers fall under dot matrix printers, ink jet printers and laser printers. According to manufacture and distribution companys statistical data, there is 60% printer waste from USA and 40 % form European countries (HP 2009). However, other Asian countries and the rest of the World should not be ignored as there is ever growing demand of IT products throughout the world. Printers are manufactured in Malaysia, China, Japan, Asia, Europe, and USA and in many other countries. Taking China and Malaysia as major manufacturer of printers, the ocean freight distance to Europe and USA, material extraction assumed at miles away and parts manufacturing and transporting from long distance may contribute to the impact of printers life cycle. The developed countries like USA and European Union countries have monitoring bodies like Environmental protection Agencies to monitor the safe disposal of various products. The printers are supplie d in packaging mostly made of card board. The card board packaging is reused at most of sites according to local policies but variation in percentage is present. In USA about 60 % packaging is recycled (MPCA 2009). The printers are used domestically, commercially and in industry. We are using small domestically used printer in our case study. The general purpose of domestically used printers is designed to do a satisfied job of printing at acceptable perfection level. Normally, no duplexer is associated with domestically used printers and pages are turned manually by the user. Mostly two types of cartridges are used; one for the text printing and other for the color printing. A printer pack usually comes with a printer itself, a black cartridge, a color cartridge, a power cable, an external power supply, a USB or other port connecting cable, CD-ROM (with software) and a user information booklet. The printer varies in size and normally weighs range from 1.5 to 5 kg. Similarly the price varies according to make and quality. Now we can take an analysis of printers manufacturing stage. Printers are made of polymers in their primary structure and in the manufacture of its parts (Smits 1996). Two most commonly polymers in printers include high impact polystyrene (HIPS) and acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS). However, all plastics in printers are not necessarily HIPS or ABS and 86% of plastic in printers are recyclable (William et al 2002). An excluding percentage is not recyclable due to the presence of fillets. However, for the simplicity of our case study, we assume that printer plastics are ABS. We will be considering main manufacturing material in life cycle and will not focus on the intermediate material processing, packaging and shipping. A table for packaging material inventory has been reprocessed from information sources (Jason et al 2005). Various metals are used in printers manufacturing. The metals include galvanized steel metal for structure, plated steel shafts, and Copper metal in motor and small fraction of Aluminum in other parts. These metal materials are recyclable but Copper in motor may inhibit steel recycling. The electronic component also contributes to environmental impact and consists mainly on printed electronic board (PWB) and some electronics. However, the electronic components only make the 3% weight of the printers in total (William et al 2005). The electronics in printers consist on few PWB; usually six and weighing about 250 grams. The circuit boards are made of few mm thick epoxy coated glass fiber cloth laminate plated with copper but these are free of lead. The process of circuit board manufacturing consists on FR4 laminate process; a complex and popular laminate substrate manufacture process. The process is a wet processing method consisting on masking, lithography, plating, and electronics im planting to create a printed circuit board. The epoxy is usually mixed with a bromide flame retardant. The standard FR4 boards are one ounce or two ounce copper type depending upon the amount of Copper per square foot used in their manufacturing. The residual Copper is stripped away from the circuit board once print has been developed. The average weight of circuit board weighs about 10-15 grams depending upon the size of the board. About eight liter of water is used in the manufacture of a printers boards (Industry information). The soldering material is used to mount electronic components on circuit boards (Lehman 2007). According to manufacturer information, the soldering material required to manufacture a printers board amount about 0.000202446 KWh/Cm2 of PWB (HP 2009). However, it is calculation for lead free solder and VOC free flux which is environmentally friendly and require more energy requirement. Connecting wires and cables in printer also contain Copper (average less th an 100 grams). Normally more than sixteen semiconductors are used in printers. These are mostly made of plastic (HP 2009). The LCA of a printer has been outlined in figure (12) starting from its manufacture to the end of life. The life cycle of the printer defines the material and energy associated with the printer over its life cycle from the extraction, collection of the raw material at production site, production process, its use, reuse, recycling or disposal at the end of life and its contribution in the global carbon foot print. In a real sense, the LCA of printer is an analysis of the material and energy flow till the end of product life. The packaging and shipping of printers also contribute to the carbon print and make a contribution in their life cycle (Hischier 2007). The packaging consists on cardboard box, paperboard, and paper manual and polystyrene restraints (PEPI 2008). There may be strips of paper cuttings as been used to secure printer packaging in the past. Shipping and transportation of printer also contribute in the carbon print of the global warming. Figure 1; LCA Figure 2; Printer Life Cycle phases In our assignment we assume that printers are manufactured in China and distributed all over the world. The environmental impact of a printer may be classified into phases. The primary phases of paper use, ink cartridges and electricity and waste products are contributory to the LCA of a printer. The printers use paper, ink and electricity through out of their life cycle. The cartridges consist on polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) glass filled polyester and electronics. Mostly, LCA of a product is focused to find out impact on carbon foot printing (Guinee 2001). According to a research conducted by HP on its inkjet printer LCA, paper has a significant contribution in carbon foot printing (HP 2009). Contribution to carbon foot printing is a global terminology to find out environmental impact of a product during its lifecycle (Fussler 1996). An inventory table has been reprocessed by taking information from two resources (See table 1for printer and table 2 3 for Cartridge and packaging) . Item Mass(Grams) Note Metals(Total) 910 Steel 696 Aluminum 165 Copper 49 Motor Winding Plastic(Total) 2179 Recyclable 1887 Non-Recyclable 292 ABS 163 HIPS 1472 Others plastics 544 Includes elastomers etc Others Genera 144 Electronics(Total) 507 Including external cable and power supply. Printer Total 3740 Recyclable(Total) 2947 Includes recyclable metals, plastics, copper etc. Recyclable (%) 79% Table 1 (Inventory table reproduced by information sourced Jason et al 2005; William et al 2002) Ratio between recyclable and non-recyclable material in an inkjet printer Figure 3; Comparison between recycleable and non-recycable material Inventory table reproduced by information sourced Jason et al 2005; William et al 2002 Cartridge Material Item Mass (gram) Note Plastics(total) 20 PET+ 15% GF 20 Other Plastics Other Generals(total) Electronics 4 Ink 21 Black 21 g/Color 42 g Cartridge Total 45 Table 2 (Jason et al 2005; William et al 2002) Printer Packaging Table 3 Printer Packaging Item Mass(gram) Note Polystyrene 0.014 Shipping restrain Polycarbonate 0.015 CD Paperboard/Cardboard 0.881 Office paper 0.107 Manual etc Packaging(Total) 1.017 Table 3 Jason et al 2005; William et al 2002) We can describe the impact of printer by dividing it into three phases; paper usage impacts, electricity usage and the management of waste products. According to historical data, the usage of paper has increased to three fold over the last three decades (Mckinny 1995). The paper has been used as a main source of information storage since ancient Egyptians invented the papyrus, the Chinese make it more perfect by large scale paper manufacture and Gutenberg invented the printing press (Saaty 1980). However, the global warming has increased the importance of paperless terminology and most of organizations and utility firms are switching to the paperless strategies (Newton 1993). There are three significant way to assess the environmental impact of a product (James 1997). These are known as eco-point, eco-cost and eco-compass. In life cycle environmental cost analysis (LCECA), the eco costs are included into the total cost of the product. The eco-cost are the sum of direct and in-direct costs of the environmental impacts caused by the product in its entire life cycle. The aim of the LCECA is to find out alternative design, model and parts which are eco-friendly. Actually, it is true analysis as impacts on environment does cost us like waste management or the health hazards to the public etc. In our example of the Ink jet printer, we can add the cost of health hazards of ink, disposal cost and use of electricity in the actual cost of the printer to find out the LCECA. For example an inkjet printer may be cheap at its initial price than other printer but may cost more on the basis of its environmental impacts than other printer which are expensive at the beginning but is energy efficient and less negative to the environment. Energy efficient product is environmentally friendly as it produces less carbon print (NUON 2009). The other system which is mostly used in UK is the eco point system to find out the environmental impacts of a product. A score is fixed for each impact of the product. Then the score are calculated and sum up to find out the resultant impact of a product. The score mentions the actual eco points of a product on the environment. UK eco point system is an established methodology and internationally accepted. The eco points are calculated from the LCA of a product. The process of eco point calculation is not very straight forward but not very complicated. The characterized data is found out in the form of units (e.g. climate, vapors etc) divided by the norm (UK impacts per person). Then it is multiplied by a weighting to convert into eco points. For example, if we want to assess the environmental impacts of our product; Ink jet printer, then we will calculate eco points for each impact se parately and then sum them up to make resultant eco point. The third method to find out the environmental impact is called as eco compass method. In this method the sustainability of the product design is assessed to assess the environmental impact of a product. A sustainable product design (SPD) is defined as the design which is economical, environmentally friendly and socially liked (Tassoul 1998). A SPD is not a simple design but it is an innovative, creative and efficient. It requires the efforts of various business sectors such as policy makers, business strategies, managers. A SPD can provide better positive impact on environment. For example, in case of our produce: Inkjet printer, A SPD may be a printer with least harmful ink, very efficient on energy consumption and with least waste material. The impact of printer usage on environment can be best understood by considering carbon print produced as a result of energy usage during its manufacture, use and then in waste disposal. All stages of printer should be considered starting from, printer manufacture to the end of printer life. None of the stages can be ignored as ignoring any phase will not count the actual amount of CO2 production at that stage. For example, if we ignore manufacturing stage then we can ignore the Co2 produced at manufacturing stage of the printer. The printers industrial, commercial or domestic use some chemicals in the form of ink which is harmful to the environment and human health (Dias 2004). These chemical are hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and also cause significant damage to lungs, skin and nervous tissues if exposed for long time. The harmful materials used in printer also contain very hazadorous material including Silver, Phosphoric acid and Isopropyl alcohol. However, the things are changing now; the printing industry has started to look at less harmful solutions. One of such measures is the waterless printing. The waterless technology reduces VOCs (Volatile Organic Compound) emissions by 98 %. The VOC are the major contributor in formation of low level Ozone (Counsell et al 2007). The low level ozone can cause respiratory problems and aggravate asthma and other respiratory diseases. The VOC are gasses consisting on harmful chemicals with negative health effects. These chemicals cause environmental pollution by spreading p etroleum based ink dies (Erbes 1996). Petroleum based inks have been the traditional choice in the printing industry. These inks are not considered as environmentally friendly. The other disadvantages of petroleum based inks are the use of non-renewable resource-petroleum. There has been a revolution in ink improvement in print industry. These inks are vegetable based and soy based inks and release few fractions of VOC. Printers have environmental impacts which should be minimized. Socially we can adopt environmentally friendly behavior if we adopt certain attitudes towards the use of printers. First of all less paper can be used if double sided printing is used (UC 2009). Therefore, duplex printing should be preferred. Now-a-days, there is universal attitude to go paperless. A lot of options are available in the form of CDs, flash memory sticks, HDD and memory cards. An attitude to recycle cartridges may reduce waste and pollution. The trend has increased and most of manufacturers are accepting used cartridges for recycling. The used cartridges may be re-filled and reused. The manufacturers may be encouraged to manufacture such cartridges which can be used again by re-filling ink. The reuse and recycling of the cartridges may reduce the landfill by cartridge plastics and thus can save landfill and resources. Ink refills are also available in mega fill packs reducing the packaging and waste fill. In addition to saving on paper and cartridges, electricity is another consideration. Energy efficient printers with energy saving modes are available and should be used in preferable way. In short, the LCA of inkjet printer has provided enough information on environmental impacts of inkjet printer from manufacturing to the end of life and then disposal. The LCA of a printer has provided us enough information to review, revise and plan environmentally friendly design of a printer. It also indicates less harmful priorities and choices during life cycle of a printer. For example double sided printing will be environmentally friendly than single sided printing. Double amount of paper will be consumed in single sided printing. To use double sided printing mechanical design and/or software may need updating. Next consideration may be the nature of paper. Paper generated from wood pulp has much impact on environment (Szabo 2009). Therefore, paper generated from non-wood fibers should be used for better environmental effects (Abramovitz et al 1999). Again printer design may need to change to adapt non-wood paper use. The second major contributor of environmental impacts in LC A of a printer is the electricity. An automatic solution is saver mode where printer turns off automatically when it is not in use. However, the user should also adopt the habit of turning off printer when it is not in use. The act of turning off printer when not in use will save approximately half of the environmental impact caused by a cartridge during its life cycle (William et al 2002). In addition to that, printer which do not used electricity when in off mode should be promoted. The current study also suggested the use of vegetable origin ink cartridges to reduce environmental impact. Similarly saving paper and cardboard by multi-items pack will also help to reduce environmental impact. It would be better to mention life cycle costs on cartridge pack to convince user about environmental impacts of ink. At the end of product life, the reuse and recycling of various materials should be promoted. The selection of material at manufacturing stage becomes important as it may provide chance to select sustainable material that can be reused or recycled. References Counsell. T., Allwood.J.2007. Reducing climate change gas emissions by cutting out stages in the life cycle of office paper. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. (49)340-352. Dias.2004. Evolution of the environmental performance of printing and writing paper using life cycle assessment. Management of environmental Quality journal. (15)473-483. Hischier.R. 2007. Life cycle inventories of packagings and graphical papers. Dubendrof. Lehman.M.2007. Life cycle inventories of electric and electronic equipment. Dubendrof. Szabo, L.2009. A world model of the pulp and paper industry. Environmental Science and Policy (12)257-269.

Essay --

The main focus of this paper will be on Italy’s population. Facts included will be the total population of Italy, along with population distribution, and population density. Topics such as the country’s linguistic, religion, and ethnic diversity will be touched upon as well. Lastly, the countries government, and their military will be explained. Let us begin with Italy’s overall population. In July 2013, Italy’s population came in at 61,482,297. This makes Italy the fourth most populated European country, and twenty third overall in the world. The population of Italy is mostly influenced by a birth rate of 9.78 live births per 1,000 people, which is relatively high, along with high life expectancy, and a death rate of 9.82 deaths per 1,000 people, which is low. A few of the most populous cities found in Italy include Genoa, Rome, Milan, Palermo, Turin, and Naples. Other major cities found in Italy that have a large population of more than 250,000 include Verona, Florence, Bologna, Bari, Catania, and Venice. The population distribution of Italy is as follows. Citizens aged 0-14 years make up 13.8% of the population, those 15-24 years make up 9.9% of the population, and those 25-54 years make up 43.2% of the population. Citizens aged 55-64 years make up 12.3% of the population, and those 65 and older make up 20.8% of the population. Therefore, the largest group th at composes Italy is those aged 65 or older. On top of this, Italy’s total median age is 44.2 years. The number of people per sq. km of land area in Italy in 2011 was 206.44. Over a fifty year span, Italy reached a maximum value of 206.44 in 2011, and a minimum of 171.83 in 1961. There are about 200 people living in every square kilometer of land area. However, due to th... ...zens of Italy live. The Vatican City can be found inside of Italy. The Vatican City is recognized as a sovereign state, meaning that it rules itself, and answers to no one. However, the Vatican is technically a country, which makes it the world’s smallest independent country by far. The languages spoken in Italy include the official language, Italian. On top of this, parts of the country such as Trentino- Alto Adige region speak mainly German. French speakers can also be found in parts, such as in the Valle d’Aosta region, and lastly Slovene is spoken in minority, in the Trieste-Gorizia part. A large majority of the population practices the Christian religion, at 80%. The legal system found in Italy is the civil law system. Military branches found throughout Italy include the Italian Armed Forces, the Army, the Navy, the Italian Air Force, and the Carabinieri Corps.

Nature of a Business

Business Studies PART 1 A) Social Function of a business: [Choice] Businesses provides goods and services to satisfy individual needs and wants by giving the choice of selecting something among a variety of products. Economic Function of a business: [Employment] By creating or providing employment for individuals this minimises the unemployment rate. B) Unincorporated enterprises is when the enterprise has NOT gone through the process of not separating the owner from its legal entity examples; sole traders and partnershipsIncorporated enterprises are when the business HAS gone through the legal process of separating the owner from its legal entity examples; private and public companies. PART 2 A) Stakeholders: People who are or may be affected by business activities. B) Possible stakeholders; [Employees] loss of jobs therefore they are unemployed and won’t have a source of income. [Competitors] more firms may purchase their product as the operations are closing down C) Stakeho lders responsibilities; Society/General public] Stakeholders in business should have ethically responsible decisions as good corporate citizens. Society expects businesses to give back to the community of what they make out of profits. For example the Body shop organises community projects such as charity. How Lelouch and his minions was ethically responsible by being a good corporate citizen by giving back to the community of the profits by destroying Britannia as charity. PART3 [Environment] They must consider the impacts on the environment as we should care and preserve our environment.Thus businesses are turning to ecologically sustainable operating practices in response to climate change and destruction of our natural environment. For example Levis has developed its own environment philosophy and principles and conduct business with following those regulations Example Q&A A) What is the difference between a sole trader and partnership A sole trader is owned and operated by one person taking care of all responsibilities whereas a partnership consists of 2-20 people to form a business together and share the responsibilities and problems in the business.B) 2 Advantages and 2 disadvantages operating a partnership as opposed a sole trader [POOL CONTINUITY] It’s advantageous to be in a partnership compared to a sole trader as partnerships will be able to pool their funds and skills together to establish a business and on a death of one partner, the business can continue with the other partners [DISPUTES DEBTS] It’s disadvantageous to be in a partnership as there could be possible disputes between partners and may have a liability for all the debts including the partners.PART4 A) Consumers- Because there are many competitors in the industry it may be difficult for new business to have consumers buy the products they offer as there are a different range of products available to them at competitive prices and quality. Consumers [CPR CPQ] Finance- Thu s financing the business can also be a challenge like a domino effect one thing effects another as they aren’t making enough profits to keep the business up and running and may not be able to keep employees. Finance [DP BE]B) External Influences [CSI] [SCA] [BEBQ] can include competitive situation influences [CSI] as this allows their business to aim for a sustainable competitive advantage [SCA] over their competition as this is a strategy to ensure that they ‘beat’ their competitors over a long period of time, by stimulating an efficient production of better quality products or services. C) Internal influences [LCV] can include location as a prime location can lead to higher levels of sales and profits because of its convenience and visibility to the public. However a bad location is a liability that negatively affects sales and profits.

Account Receivable and Dealer Information System

Chapter 1 Introduction I- Project Context Andi’s Fashion Boutique is a small shop that sells Fashionable clothes and retail shop. The Andi’s Fashion Boutique located at Sitio Tampoco Barangay Matatalaib in Tarlac City. The Area of Andi’s Fashion Boutique was in a public place at the front of the Magic Star grocery in Matatalaib Based. It was also a lots of different Business located near the Andi’s Fashion Boutique like Drugstore, Beauty Salon and Food House. It was the only boutique in the area. The Andi’s Fashion Boutique started in year of 2010 at month of May. When the Business started, they only sell products of Sundance, Avon and Natasha. The business arises in one year, and earn some Capital, from that Capital they maintain and add different kinds of apparel until they selling Shoes, Bags, Cosmetic and became a distributor of Avon, Boardwalk, Natasha, Sundance, MSE, FX, Hang-ten, Tupper Ware and personal collection. The Andi’s Fashion Boutique came from the Names of a married couples namely Mary Anne Arciaga as registered business owner. Mary Anne Arciaga has the idea to be independent is business. He’s lovable husband named Dennis Marcelo was her business partner for the reason that they have the knowledge and idea to start a small business as well as their service of income. The company needs to standardize certain rules and regulation regarding business. How they wished they could manage every single task a company must do for the sake of their dues business became complicated with large number of works to monitor on sales, collection, reports, and accounts. Such problem affected the company’s customer service commitments and caused low productivity and profit levels. The need to increase manpower certainly will affect income and complicate the company’s operation. Updating reports have wasted time and effort with the use of personnel’s operation. The Company’s need to keep certain information about dealers they must monitor due and overdue accounts and minimize payments delinquencies in order to maintain good customer service and management to personnel relationship. The delays incurred by the company in processing overdue accounts in the conventional way affecting accomplishment of other task like concentrating on increased production. Computers have been around for many decades, but few companies realize what computers are capable of doing. The only things they know about computers is that, they can store and retrieve data on its faster than a secretary can. They never realize that it can perform a lot of things more than savings and open files. They never knew what with it; they could develop a system exclusive for a certain task and may be customized in accordance to their preferences. With these in mind, the company indeed needs a totally reliable computerized system to backup its personnel in order to facilitate smooth flow of transaction faster than they may ever imagined and capable of performing delicate task. A system greatly diminishes delays in monitoring company progress An Account Receivable system to specify. II- Purpose and Description The company needs to develop their transaction processing system, when it comes to their accounts receivable how they wish they could manage every single task a company must do for the sake of their dues business became complicated with large number of works to monitor on sales, collection, reports, and accounts, such problems affected the company’s customer service commitments and caused low, productivity and profit levels. The need to increase manpower certainly will affect income and complicate the company’s operation. The company’s need to keep creation information about dealers they must monitor due and overdue accounts and minimize payments delinquencies in order to maintain good customer service and management to personal relationship. The delay incurred by the company in processing overdue account in the conventional way affecting accomplishment of other task like concentrating on increase production. Computers nowadays have been around for many decades, but few companies realize what computers are capable of doing the only things they never realize that it can perform a lot of things more than saving and opening files. They never know what with it; they could develop a system exclusive. With these in mind the company indeed needs a totally reliable computerized Accounts Receivable System in order to facilitate smooth flow of transaction faster that they may ever imagine and capable to performing delicate task. A system gently diminishes delays in monitoring company progress and Accounts Receivable System to specify. III- Objectives The study aim to provide a system concerning the company problem regarding preparation of on Account Receivable, reducing in collectible accounts, which in turn minimize company losses Moreover, it specifically aims to: 1. 1 Implement a system that can help minimize bad debts or uncollectible accounts considered as losses for the company. 1. 2 Provide a system that will generate reports in a timely manner. . 3 Implement a system that can analyze aspiring dealers and helps decision making of initial credit limit. 1. 4 Implement an Accounts Receivable System that can monitor user login for security purpose. IV- Scope and Delimitations The proposed system is concentrated on the account receivable processing of Andi’s fashion boutique. It will provide automatic computation for rebates, penalties, credits and balances; also it will automatically update due dat es and overdue, and it can generate reports in a timely manner. The proposed system will not cover the Inventory, Accounts Payable, Sales cover, Sales information, and Networking setup for networking purposes. Chapter 2 Related Studies and Literature This chapter presents a brief overview of related literature and studies, and information from electronic resources that were gathered by the researcher that found relevant of this study. After some reading made by the researchers, the following literature and related studies were found related to the study. 2. 1 Related Studies Every business will have an entry on its balance sheet labeled ‘accounts receivable’. This entry is the sum of money owed to the business by individuals or other businesses in return for goods or services supplied. On the whole, in the retail sector, the financial transaction is completed at the point of purchase and accounts receivable are not created. There are exceptions to this general rule, of course. However, in the business world it is usual to extend credit to customers – and it is these credit accounts that form the basis of the accounts receivable figure shown on the balance sheet for the supplier. Credit terms should be clearly defined so both customer and supplier can budget and comply but it is when these credit terms are exceeded by customers that the accounts receivable turn into bad debts and problems arise. Aging receivables are great consumers of resource. They steal time away from other functions, as telephone calls need to be made and letters written to chase payment. They can destroy the supplying company’s credit rating if it becomes unable to meet its own financial obligations because of a lack of positive cash flow caused by aging receivables. The best possible way to avoid problems with debtors is to have clear credit control policies in place. Checks need to be made on potential clients before credit is extended and debts need to be chased, politely but persistently, before they become bad debts. In many cases these two simple actions can minimize the potential for bad debt problems. Despite the best efforts of the most rigorous of credit controllers, there will always be the persistent late or nonpayer’s non payers hem stronger tactics are needed. This is where a relationship with one of the account receivable collection companies comes in useful. West Asset Management offers collection services for both commercial and consumer debts. Working with account receivable collection companies is viewed in different ways by different organizations. For some it is the first step in the credit enforcement process. These businesses take a no-nonsense approach to collections and will send in what are effectively the Big Guns straight away. Others will not engage professional collection services until they have exhausted all possibilities of collecting the outstanding debt with their own resources. The services of a debt collection agency are usually required to extract funds from those who have never had any intention of paying for the goods and services they have received. In the cases of a genuine inability to pay, utilizing such tactics tends to be self-defeating and the likelihood of a successful conclusion to such cases is increased if things can remain amicable. There can be reluctance on the part of organizations to call in collection services for a commercial debt as this action usual ends the trading relationship for good. But, in truth, a non-paying trading relationship really is not worth having. Reputable collection services act within the law governing debt collection. They are persistent and determined to retrieve funds for their clients and manage to achieve this whilst leaving their client’s reputation intact A connotation of quality control of accounts receivable Quality refers to the accounts receivable into the quality of the currency that is a manifestation of accounts receivable liquidity. Quality monitoring accounts receivable, accounts receivable are the right company to evaluate the quality of control, so that their accounts receivable maintained at a reasonable level, which for the enterprises to expand business scale, increase sales and market share have great facilitating role. Monitoring the quality of the implementation of accounts receivable and establish a sound internal control system that is able to monitor and restrict scientific and effective accounts receivable in all aspects so as to ensure full and timely recovery of accounts receivable. Quality control of the content of accounts receivable, including credit policy formulation, the occurrence of credit, collections, risk early warning and other. Accounts Receivable Establishment of Quality Control System   1. 1 The accounts receivable system for quality control of the organization     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. 1. 1 Production Department to continuously carry out product, competitive advantage to produce products on the market for sales departments to pursue the initiative. In order to build their products a competitive advantage, the production sector in the technical specifications, design, performance, use, etc. to make vigorous efforts to make the company's products over other similar products on the market is more advanced and economy, so as to better to meet customer needs. 1. 1. 2 Sales General sales to go through to accept customer orders for credit approval of credit, according to sales of single-supply, according to sales of a single shipment of goods to the customer billing record to accept customer orders, recording sales and recovery of such processes. The one hand, sales to the corporate credit department to ensure that a reasonable solutions to meet customer demand, the other hand, the internal assessment mechanism should be established to change the past, a single evaluation method, so that recovery of accounts receivable as sales assessment is an important indicator, so that to complete the sale of receivables and personal income tied up, and personal income-related, strengthen, awareness. 1. 1. 3 Credit department Credit management department sales department and finance department of the bridge, its basic functions include the establishment of customer credit files, managing customer credit, conduct  analysis, customer’s credit limit, the implementation of accounts receivable supervision. 1. 1. 4 Financial sector is mainly responsible for the daily management of accounts receivable, accounts receivable ledger by customer set up, establish accounts receivable on a regular basis reporting system to form a regular basis with the occasional reconciliation system. Finance Department to change after the account of the situation, change from passive to active, full play to their accounting and oversight functions; and accountants should strengthen vocational study to understand the operation of the enterprise business processes. The management of the company set the appropriate service control points. department should take the initiative to communicate with the business sector, an accurate picture of the situation and then carry out the accounting and ensure accounts are, for the accounts receivable management. 1. . 5 audit department Audit departments in the accounts receivable management, the supervisory role is mainly reflected in two aspects: first is to continuously improve the monitoring system to improve the accounts receivable control system; the second is to check the accounts receivable monitoring implementation of the system to check whether the abnormal phenomenon of accounts receivable, with or without a significant error, negligen ce, internal fraud, intentionally fails to recover the accounts and so on, to ensure the recovery of accounts receivable. . 2 The accounts receivable system of quality control methods     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. 2. 1 Quantitative Methods Primarily used for quality control of accounts receivable. These indicators include: solvency indicators, operational capacity indicators, profitability indicators, cash flow targets. The use of these indicators, companies can monitor the  situation, to understand and monitor the quality of accounts receivable. 2. 2. 2 Non-quantitative methods Accounts receivable of non-quantitative method of quality control is mainly the work of law PDCA cycle. PDCA cycle in accordance with  methods of the overall management of accounts receivable should be controlled in advance (Plan), to control the things (Do), after the control (Check) and feedback control (Action) 4 links to dynamically conduct accounts receivable management, and comprehensively improve the quality of accounts receivable management. 2. 2 Related Literature The following section present the different studies and actual application related to the research project being conducted by the researchers. Various innovations have been in existence, all for getting along with the trends of modern technology as a viable means to increase profit and to improve customer service. 2. 2. 1 Foreign studies Accounts Receivable System Published: 2010. 03. 04 As the central financial receivable system for the campus, Billing and Accounts Receivable (BAR) is available to all departments that have accounts in the UCLA accounting system. (BAR)Billing and Accounts Receivable allows campus departments to post charges for services or merchandise provided to both student and non-student customers. All charges and related payments are recorded in the BAR system, and BAR performs the accounting for all transactions using the accrual accounting method. Payments are applied to delinquent fees and collection cost charges first, then to the oldest unpaid charge. Student BAR Bills Students receive a monthly BAR bill, which is a statement of account that provides charge and payment details posted to their account during the prior month. Charges include the quarterly registration fee assessments and various other charges such as Instructional Enhancement Initiative (IEI) fees, residence hall telephone usage, College Library Instructional Computing Commons (CLICC) charges, and Student Health charges among others. Student statements are presented electronically as a bill online through the University Records System Access (URSA). In addition to fees, BAR reflects credits posted to a student's account, such as financial aid, waivers, and cash, credit card payments. Non-Student BAR Bills Non-students receive a paper invoice each month. The BAR invoice provides charge and payment detail posted to their account during the prior month. Charges represent services rendered or merchandise provided on credit. BAR does not provide non-students with an electronic version of the invoice Performance evaluation and ratio analysis of Pharmaceutical Company in Bangladesh University essay from Hogskolan Vast/Institutionen for ekonomi och informatik; Hogskolan Vast/Institutionen for ekonomi och informatik Author: Hossan Faruk, Ahsan Habib [2010] The thesis applies performance evaluation of pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh. It means evaluate how well the company performs. The main aim is achieved through ratio analysis of two pharmaceutical (Beximco and Square pharmaceutical) companies in Bangladesh. The main data collection from the annual financial reports on Beximco and square pharmaceutical companies in 2007 to 2008. Different financial ratio are evaluated such liquidity ratios, asset management ratios, profitability ratios, market value ratios, debt management ratios and finally measure the best performance between two companies. The mathematical calculation was establish for ratio analysis between two companies from 2007-2008. It is most important factors for performance evaluation. The graphical analysis and comparisons are applies between two companies for measurement of all types of financial ratio analysis. Liquidity ratio is conveying the ability to repay short-term creditors and it total cash. It determines perform of short term creditor of both pharmaceutical companies under the three categories such as current ratio, quick ratio and cash ratio. Asset management ratio is measurement how to effectively a company to use and controls its assets. It’s also quantify into seven categories for both pharmaceutical companies such as account receivable turnover, average collection period, inventory turnover, account payable turnover ,account payable turnover in days ,fixed asset turnover ,total asset turnover. Profitability ratio is evaluate how well a company is performing by analyzing and how profit was earned relative to sales, total assets and net worth for both pharmaceutical companies. Debt coverage ratio is performing that the property insufficient to collect their mortgage for both companies and market value is perform the stockholder to analysis their future market value of the stock market. Overall analyses are measurement the best one between Beximco and Square pharmaceutical companies. Relationship between the profitability and working capital policy of Swedish companies University essay from Umea universitet/Handelshogskolan vid Umea universitet; Umea universitet/Handelshogskolan vid Umea universitet Author: Ali Wajahat, Syed Hammad Ul Hassan {2010} Over the years there has been a big debate on the effect of working capital policy on the profitability. Few researchers argue that working capital is just an idle resource with high cost and low benefit associated with it so, companies should follow zero working capital policy but such a policy is very risky because it reduces the liquidity and it might leads to a default. Other researchers support companies to have a working capital policy because they believe that proper management of components of working capital can balance cost and benefits of the company and it will reduce the risk of default by raising the level of liquidity. Companies can choose among three different types of working capital. aggressive, conservative and moderate but their choice depends on their desire level of liquidity and risk. Researchers realize the importance of the topic and lot of research has been carried out all over the world especially in developing countries like Pakistan, India, and Taiwan. Despite the importance of topic we were unable to find any research carried out in Sweden or in any other Scandinavian country. So, this study is conducted with the purpose to explore the relationship between working capital policy and profitability of Swedish firms. Furthermore this study also investigates the nature of relationship between working capital policy and component of cash conversion cycle. For the purpose of our study we used the sample of 37 listed companies in the OMX Stockholm stock exchange over the period of five years (2004-2008). The study has been conducted in a natural environment and it follows the explanatory research strategy. Moreover it is a quantitative study which follows the deductive approach and it is longitudinal in nature. We used GOP as a measure to profitability and CCC is used as a gauge to measure the aggressiveness of working capital policy. We used the secondary data, which has been extracted from the annual financial reports of the companies, to calculate the GOP, financial debt, firm size, fixed financial asset, component of CCC and CCC. In this study, six regressions were run on 185 observations in SPSS software. In each regression analysis dependent variable (GOP), independent variable firm size, financial debt ratio, and fixed financial asset ratio remains the same but independent variable CCCS, CCCA, CCCD, day’s inventory held, days account receivable and days account payable replace each other. The reason for this replacement of independent variables is to find out that how CCC and component of CCC affects the GOP. The result of regression analysis shows that managers can’t change the level of profitability by adopting any of the working capital policy i. e. there exist no relationship between working capital policy and profitability. Furthermore profitability is directly associated with days inventory held and days account payable but it is in inverse relation with days account receivables. 2. 2. 2 Local studies Notably, student information system or SIS incurs such application software designed for educational establishments to manage student data. Student information systems provide capabilities for entering student test and other assessment scores, building student schedules, tracking student attendance as well as managing many other student-related data needs within the institution university. Thus, many of these systems applied in the Philippines can be scaled to different levels of activity and can be configured by their home institutions to meet local needs. Moreover, before universities have created their own bespoke student record systems, but with growing complexity in the business of educational establishments, organizations now choose to buy customizable within the shelf software. It can be that, modern student information systems are usually server-based, with the application residing on central computer erver and are being accessed by client applications at various places within and even outside the school. During the year 1990s, student information systems have been changing and are fast adopted through the presence of a web medium as a channel for accessing SIS without any hassle upon viewing student details and information. Ideally, educational institutions are under constant pressure to demonstrate both willingness and capacity to incorporate the latest devel opments in student information systems along with communications technology supporting various teaching ways. As Liao et al. , (2007) asserts that SIS process within such technological sophistication does create precise knowledge edge, that such SIS application can be appealing to students and to the academic faculty as well as the parents. Thus, believing that technology is the repository of the bulk of the information that underpins society’s major enterprises and concerns and the medium of communication through which SIS interact with one another. Furthermore, SIS is transforming educational tactics understandings and school practices in relation to system information and to be able to assist better communication ground through SIS execution, as found within the heart of learning mechanisms (Liao et al. , 2007). SIS as of today is changing what people is learning upon such as with the burgeoning of the Internet, the control exercised in the past by the Philippines from various departments of education and by individual teachers over pedagogical content may have diminished significantly. Through this new informative medium, resources of varying quality and provenance on virtually diverse subject matter are now available to the students. The amount of material available from unaccredited sources is cause of considerable concern to many educators, brought up them into a more integrated student information system such as those found and applied in the University of the Philippines as well as those within the grounds of Ateneo Integrated school wherein SIS processes of were truly understood and realized by the institutions’ education system. Even within academic disciplines there has already been a shift in the importance accorded to the traditional forms of published knowledge, refereed and refined through well accepted but often painfully attenuated process. In such cases there has been movement towards the more rapid electronic dissemination of findings and opinions albeit in a less polished form, depending more on the judgment of the individual reader han on the processes of SIS effectiveness as implied for validation and verification of student resources (Fyffe and Walter, 2005)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The strong implication for education is that skills in effective online searching should occupy more value and more important place within the education curriculum at all levels wherein the adaptation of SIS is most valued for academe effectiveness. From the perspective of the individual student, SIS incorporates enormously increased potential for representing and manipulating information in range of structured education paradigms and strategic study forms as appropriate for a justifiable application of diverse learning styles. Furthermore, the student information systems do provides greater range of ways through which learners can express their knowledge, including the publication of multimedia presentations to the world at large through the Internet. Aside, some of the information system know-how needs that certain students must grapple with inclusion to discovering how to complete comprehensive reviews of the such research studies, learning how to evaluate sources within the context of their projects, and properly citing and including these sources within their theses or dissertations (Perrett, 2004). Then, because the SIS process is typically completed early into students’ school career and encapsulates each of the facets of knowledge built up and literacy value, including learning what type of SIS is available, finding and accessing system sequence, evaluating tools for the information and then synthesizing the student information system into certain end product for a better career patterns as it seemed like the ideal project to focus SIS and relate it to ample literacy instruction around. While the students had all performed database searches before, they were less likely to have taken advantage of the search management tools available to them through educational databases, how to set up automatic searches to help streamline the research process (Fyffe and Walter, 2005). Like for example, there discusses the benefits of using such bibliographic management software system in order to help illustrate more sophisticated ways of organizing their research. Before the students came to the workshop, they were asked them to fill out brief pre-assessment surveys designed to provide acceptable profile details including their year in school, whether or not they were pursuing their college degree and possible departmental affiliation. Thus, pointing towards SIS within the knowledge of education services as utilized that include databases used and whether or not students were familiar with curriculum software packages (Perrett, 2004). Truly, it is crucial for the advancement of informative research within composed disciplines and the continued successful integration of SIS as applied in the Philippine setting with resources to higher education systems determining that certain group of students can acquire and gain effective knowledge literacy skills through the SIS process and understanding the value of education services crafted to provide best teachings as possible (Belle and Boote, 2004). Then, for SIS assumption, there is a need to engage students with academic assessment such as upon helping students start thinking about what they would like to learn with regards to a better research investigation and knowing what the gaps in students’ understanding might be. Also, encourage the use of SIS in parallel to active learning style which allows students to interact with their classmates and does help the instructor facilitate an enhanced learning experience through SIS application mode and to finally emphasize the value of making   student information connection with a subject teacher for instance geared upon for in-depth education success (Ewald, 2006). (2001) pointed out that the Philippines employed a unique strategy in carrying out the work in audiovisual (AV) archiving. In the absence of an operational AV archives in the country, most of the activities of institutions with AV archive holdings such as the Philippine Information Agency, the UP Film Center, the Cultural Center of the Philippines, Mowelfund, etc. , are informally being coordinated by a professional body composed of â€Å"archivists† working in the different institutions involved in archiving. It should be noted though that during the early 1980’s, the Philippines had a national film archive that was fully operational in the real sense of the word. After the 1986 Edsa Revolution, the archive received the least priority and was transferred to the Censors Body. No archiving activity was carried out by this unit since then. The various tasks involved in AV archiving rested on the shoulders of related agencies, not by their own chose but by necessity required of their work. AV archiving activities were separately being undertaken. The turning point came when the Cultural Center of the Philippines, which wanted to organize a Lino Brocka Retrospective, discovered that many of the Brocka films, particularly those hat were significant, were already destroyed. Some of the surviving prints were brought to the Philippine Information Agency for restoration. With no previous experience on cases of this nature, PIA had to turn to other agencies for materials that could be used as reference for the work. The UP Film Center, with its contacts with international organizations and as a recipient of several fellowship awards from UNESCO, provided PIA a copy of the International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF) Manual. This was the first inter-institutional contact in the country that proved to be significant as it eventually led to a formal partnership among the archivists from these institutions in what was to become later as the Society of Film Archivists (SOFIA). The Society of Film Archivists (SOFIA) was formally organized in July, 1993 out of need and in compliance with the recommendation of the ASEAN Planning Workshop Meeting on Film Retrieval, Restoration and Archiving, which the Philippines organized in February, 1996. SOFIA’s membership is made up of individual AV archivists working in cultural organizations, information agencies, broadcasting and academic institutions, film production companies, and film critics. The role of SOFIA in the development of the AV archiving profession in the country is one that has been evolving over time. At the beginning, SOFIA served as a venue for exchanging knowledge and skills. As such, the kinds of projects undertaken during this stage were mostly training programs. Later, SOFIA became an informal coordinating body for activities undertaken by the different institutions involved in archiving. These projects were implemented by institutions as part of their in-house programs and according to what these institutions can do best. This enabled the different institutions to avoid duplication of efforts and therefore saved on scarce national resources. Presently, SOFIA’s role has evolved into that of a mobilize and an advocate for the setting up of a central body that would formally be recognized by the government and supported by the public sector. The effectiveness of this model in the Philippines could be better appreciated in the context of the prevailing situation operating at the time SOFIA was born and the commitment of the members to pursue the work. Prevailing conditions that were considered important that helped bring about the results were the following: a) a clear vision of what was needed. These involved knowing where we were, where we want to go and how to get there; b) the emergence of a Steering Group at the initial stage. This role was assumed by the Philippine Information Agency. Through its work requirement and involvement in ASEAN, PIA initiated projects on the national and regional levels that brought critical agencies together, identified local partners such as the Cultural Center of the Philippines, the UP Film Center, etc. , to assist in implementing the program, and identify succeeding steps to build on previous accomplishments; c) empowerment of the identified partners. This involved getting the partners committed to assume the responsibility of carrying out the work when the agencies involved in AV archiving decided to bond together through SOFIA and initiated and sustained programs and projects for AV archiving as a group or individually in coordination with each other, empowerment of the identified partners had set in; and d) utilization of advocacy techniques that were found effective. Apart from the traditional tools for promotion such as the media, SOFIA used techniques such as requesting the President of the Republic of the Philippines to issue an executive order declaring a week in a year as AV Archiving Week, among others. Organizing international conferences also helped generate interest on the issues. Chapter 3 Methods of Research oing this research is kind of like being a treasure-hunter, researching out clues here and there that finally leads to the treasure –the needed to information. This chapter presents the different research methods, which will be use to design and develop the system. The nature of the research problem and the purpose of the study help determine the research methods to be used. It shows the different data gathering techniques to supplement the research methods. 3. 1 Research Method The research methods that could be used in developing the Account Receivable and Dealer Information System may vary from one study to another because of the integration of hardware materials and programming skills. To achieve the desired and necessary output, research models and methods must carefully design. This helps conceive and practically analyze how the project will look like. In some aspects, combination of various methods could be made in order to grasp the purpose of the study. 3. 1. 1 Descripted Method